Processes for the manufacture of slub effect yarns

ABSTRACT

A method for the preparation of a tension stable slub effect yarn, wherein a core yarn at zero overfeed is fed into a turbulence chamber and an effect yarn is simultaneously injected into the turbulence chamber at 100-120 percent overfeed and permitted to combine with the core yarn and the combined yarn is then intermingled and wound-up.

United States Patent 1191 1111 3,812,668 Wilson 1451' May 28, 1974 [54]PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 3,473,315 10/1969 LeNoir 57/157 F xSLUB EFFECT YARNS 3,474,613 10/1969 Joarder et al. 57/34 B 3,517,4986/1970 Burellier et al. 57/34 B X [75] Inventor: William Wilson,Pontypool, England v [73] Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PrimaryExaminerDonald E. Watkins Limited, London, England Attorney, Agent, orFirm-Cushman, Darby & 22 Filed: May 29, 1973 Cushma 21 Appl. No.:364,634 [57] ABSTRACT [36] Foreign Application Priority Data A methodfor the preparation of a tension stable slub June 5. 1972 Great Britain..26l35/72 effect Y wherein a core Y at Zero Overfeed is fed into aturbulence chamber and an effect yarn is simuli'sii iilsli'ifili. 57/157F, 57/34 B, 28/7212 taneously injected into the turbulence Chamber at 51IIILCI. D02g 3/02, DOlh 1/00v 100420 Percent Overfeed and Permitted tocombine [58] Field of Search 57/34 R, 34 B, 144, 157 R, 57/157 F, 160;28/72.l2

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,116,589 l/l964 Edwards et al57/157 F WIN D-UP with the core yarn and the combined yarn is thenintermingled and wound-up.

10 Claims, 1' Drawing Figure 1 PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SLUBEFFECT YARNS Thus, in British Patent Specification No. 1,239,758

there is described a process in which one end of yarn is positivelyoverfed to an intermingling jet and a second yarn is fed to the same jetwithout positive feed to yield an intermingled combined yarn in whichthe overfed component forms slub efiects along the length of the yarn. I

In British Patent Specification No. 1,036,151 a yarn which is' requiredto be bulked is drawn through a turbulence chamber'into which a gas isinjected in a direction opposite to that in which the yarn is beingforwarded. It is also disclosed that a second yarn under tension may bedrawn through the same chamber to act as a carrier for the bulked yarnto yield a slub effect combined yarn. I

We have now-found that atension stable slub effect yarn can be obtainedby supplying a first core yarn to a turbulence chamber, having yarninlet and exit passage ways, under conditions of zero overfeed so thatno bulk is inserted into the yarn, and injecting a second cffeet yarnunder conditions of overfeed by the action of a fluid jet, the fluidbeing permitted to exhaust out of the inlet and exit passage ways of theturbulence cham bef, the combined yarn from the turbulence chamber thenbeing forwarded through an intermingling jet and finally wound up in theform of a coherent slub effect yarn,

- By injecting the effectyar'n into the turbulence chamber underconditions of positive overfeed, by means of a fluid jet, the effectyarn becomes looped and entang gled and at random intervals becomesattached in the form of balls to the core yarn and is withdrawn with thecore yarn from the turbulence chamber. The intermingling jet then firmlylocks the effect yarn into the core natively it may be withdrawn from asupply package by the tension imparted by the wind-up apparatus and,optionally, ayarn tension device maybe employed above the turbulencechamber to assist in maintaining sufficie'nt tension in the yarn toavoid bulking. It is preferred that the exit passageway of theturbulence chamber isof smaller diameter than the inlet passageway. Theinlet passageway may be restricted by a capor baffle at the entrance toconfine yarn and fluid movement which could adversely affect thestability of the incoming core yarn.

It is also preferred that the effect yarn is injected into theturbulence chamber near to the junction of the inlet and. exitpassageways. The effect yarn is preferably injected into the turbulencechamber in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular tothe forwarding direction of the core yarn.

The nature of the slub effect yarn is affected by the positioning of theintermingler jet, the air pressure therein and in particular by theangle between the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway and the axisofthe turbulence chamber yarn passageway. Increasing the amount of airexhausting from the intermingling jet and entering the outlet passagewayof the turbulence chamber, i.e., decreasing the above angle, produceslong thin slubs; decreasing the amount of air by increasing the angleproduces short thick slubs. The nature of the slub effect yarn is alsoaffected by the nature of the effect yarn and the extent of overfeed ofsaid effect yarn. ln a preferred embodiment of the invention, the anglebetween the yarn emerging from the intermingler jet and the axis of theintermingler yarn passageway is at least 5 0.

There is no limitation on the typeof yarn which may be employed foreither the feed yarn or the core yarn. Yarns of, for example, polyester,polyamide, rayon, acetate or acrylics may be employed as may yarns ofnaturally occurring fibres such as wool, cotton, etc. The

yarns may be bulked yarns, staple yarns or continuous filament yarns. I

The invention will now be more fully described with reference to thedrawing filed with the provisional specification. v

1n the drawing the core yarn l is withdrawn from the package 2 andpasses through guide 3 into the turbulence chamber 4. The turbulencechamber has a core inlet passage way 5 and an outlet passageway 6. Theinlet passageway may be of cylindrical, conical or square cross-section.It may be baffled or unbaffled and may be open or restricted at theentrance. The passage way has a step 7 (but this is not essential) suchthat the outlet passageway is of smaller diameter than the. inletpassage way. Below the turbulence chamber is an intermingler 8, a freerunning roller 9 and a guide 10 which is located above a conventionalwind-up apparatus, not shown. An effect yarn package 12, carryingeffectyarn 11 is mounted opposite to the turbulence chamber 4 togetherwith a guide l3'and an air disperser 14. In a preferred embodiment ofthe invention, the effect yarn is positively fed tothe air disperserthrough a pair of nip or feel rolls.

Optionally, a pair of feed rolls l5, 16 may be located between the coreyarn package and the turbulence chamber. A steam heater 17 may besituated between the free running roller and the wind-up to give loopdeformation and change the tactile properties of the yarn.

The following Examples illustrate but do not limit the invention.

EXAMPLE 1 Using the apparatus as illustrated in the. drawing; a 167dtex, 30 filamentpolyester core yarn was passed through the turbulencechamber to the wind-up at a speed of SOOft/min and a 78 dtex, 20filament nylon 66 effect yarn was injected through theair disperser l4 3tached itself to the core yarn and the combined core and effect yarnthen passed through the intermingler jet 8 around the free runningroller to the wind-up.

EXAM Pl sE 2 Theapparatus as illustrated in the drawing was used exceptthat the effect yarn was positively fed to the air disperser 14 by a niproll system with the disperser situated to inject the effect yarn intothe upper portion of the turbulence chamber exit passageway and the pairof nip rolls 15, 16 was omitted. The process conditions were as follows:i

Core yarn: l 10 dexitex/48 filament po1y(ethy1ene terephthalate) yarnEffect yarn: 84 decitex/36 filament poly(ethylene terephthalate yarn IWind-up speed: 1 100 ft/min Overfeed 'of effect yarn: ll5l25% Airpressureto disperserz5-l0 p.s.i.

Air pressure to intermingler: 70-80 p.s.i.

Angle between axis of intermingler yarn passageway and axis ofturbulence chamber yarn passageway: '1 617 1 The slub effect yarn soproduced had a decitex of 245 and contained 45 and 55 wt percent of coreand effect yarns respectively. A 1,000 metre length of the slub effectyarn contained 4,194 slubs of which 56 percent were of length between 1to 2 cm, 37 percent were of length between 2 to 5 cm and 7 percent wereof length between 5 to 10 cm. The slub effect yarn was particularlysuitable for weft knitting outlets.

EXAMPLE '3 weaving outlets;

What lclaim is: I

1. A process for producing a tension stable slub effect yarn whichcomprises supplying a-first core yarn to a turbulence chamber, havingyarn inlet and exit passage ways, under conditions of zero overfeed sothat no bulk is inserted into the yarn, and injecting a second effectyarn under conditions of overfeed by the action of a fluid jet, thefluid being permitted to exhaust out of the inlet and exit passage waysof the turbulence chamber, t-hecombined yarn from the turbulence chamberthen being forwarded through an intermingling jet and f1- nally wound upin the form of a coherent slub effect yarn.

2. A process according to claim 1 in which the angle between the yarnemerging from the intermingler jet and the axis of the intermingler yarnpassageway is-at least "50".

3. A process according to claim '1 in which the exit passageway of theturbulence chamber is of smaller diameter than the inlet passageway.

4. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is injectedinto the turbulence chamber near to the junction of the inlet and exitpassageways.

5. A process according to claim 1 in which the angle between the axis ofthe intermingler yarn passageway and the axis of the. turbulence chamberyarn passageway is such as to allow some of the air exhausting from athe intermingler jet to enter the outlet passageway of the turbulencechamber.

6. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is overfedinto the turbulence chamber at a rate of 60-120 percent.

7. A process according to claim I in which the effect yarn is positivelyfed to the fluid jet.

8. A process according to claim 1 in which the effect yarn is injectedinto the turbulence chamber in a direction perpendicular orsubstantially perpendicular to the forwarding direction of the coreyarn.

9. A process accordingto claim 1 in which the core yarn is positivelyfed into the turbulence chamber.

10. A process according to claim 1 in which the slub effect yarn isheated between the intermingler jet and the wind-up.

1. A process for producing a tension stable slub effect yarn whichcomprises supplying a first core yarn to a turbulence chamber, havingyarn inlet and exit passage ways, under conditions of zero overfeed sothat no bulk is inserted into the yarn, and injecting a second effectyarn under conditions of overfeed by the action of a fluid jet, thefluid being permitted to exhaust out of the inlet and exit passage waysof the turbulence chamber, the combined yarn from the turbulence chamberthen being forwarded through an intermingling jet and finally wound upin the form of a coherent slub effect yarn.
 2. A process according toclaim 1 in which the angle between the yarn emerging from theintermingler jet and the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway is atleast 50*.
 3. A process according to claim 1 in which the exitpassageway of the turbulence chamber is of smaller diameter than theinlet passageway.
 4. A process according to claim 1 in which the effectyarn is injected into the turbulence chamber near to the junction of theinlet and exit passageways.
 5. A process according to claim 1 in whichthe angle between the axis of the intermingler yarn passageway and theaxis of the turbulence chamber yarn passageway is such as to allow someof the air exhausting from the intermingler jet to enter the outletpassageway of the turbulence chamber.
 6. A process according to claim 1in which the effect yarn is overfed into the turbulence chamber at arate of 60-120 percent.
 7. A process according to claim 1 in which theeffect yarn is positively fed to the fluid jet.
 8. A process accordingto claim 1 in which the effect yarn is injected into the turbulencechamber in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular tothe forwarding direction of the core yarn.
 9. A process according toclaim 1 in which the core yarn is positively fed into the turbulencechamber.
 10. A process according to claim 1 in which the slub effectyarn is heated between the intermingler jet and the wind-up.